DHTML ONLINE » HTML Basics

HTML Tutorials

admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 09:04:04 +0000

In this HTML tutorial you will learn how to use HTML to create your own Web site.

HTML is very easy to learn!

HTML Introduction

admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 09:02:57 +0000

What is an HTML File?

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags
The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page
An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension
An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor

Do You Want to Try It?

If you are running Windows, start Notepad.

If you are on a Mac start SimpleText.

In OSX start TextEdit and change the following preferences: Select (in the preferences window) “Plain text” instead of “Rich text” and then select “Ignore rich text commands in HTML files”. This is very important because if you don’t do this HTML codes probably won’t work.

Type in the following text:



Title of page


This is my first homepage. This text is bold

Save the file as “mypage.htm”.

Start your Internet browser. Select “Open” (or “Open Page”) in the File menu of your browser. A dialog box will appear. Select “Browse” (or “Choose File”) and locate the HTML file you just created – “mypage.htm” – select it and click “Open”. Now you should see an address in the dialog box, for example “C:\MyDocuments\mypage.htm”. Click OK, and the browser will display the page.

Example Explained

The first tag in your HTML document is . This tag tells your browser that this is the start of an HTML document. The last tag in your document is . This tag tells your browser that this is the end of the HTML document.

The text between the tag and the tag is header information. Header information is not displayed in the browser window.

The text between the tags is the title of your document. The title is displayed in your browser’s caption.</p> <p>The text between the <body> tags is the text that will be displayed in your browser.</p> <p>The text between the <b> and </b> tags will be displayed in a bold font.</p> <hr /> <h2>HTM or HTML Extension?</h2> <p>When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. We have used .htm in our examples. It might be a bad habit inherited from the past when some of the commonly used software only allowed three letter extensions.</p> <p>With newer software we think it will be perfectly safe to use .html.</p> <hr /> <h2>Note on HTML Editors:</h2> <p>You can easily edit HTML files using a WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) editor like FrontPage, Claris Home Page, or Adobe PageMill instead of writing your markup tags in a plain text file.</p> <p>But if you want to be a skillful Web developer, we strongly recommend that you use a plain text editor to learn your primer HTML.</p> <hr /> <h2>Frequently Asked Questions</h2> <p><strong>Q: After I have edited an HTML file, I cannot view the result in my browser. Why?<br /> A: </strong>Make sure that you have saved the file with a proper name and extension like “c:\mypage.htm”. Also make sure that you use the same name when you open the file in your browser.</p> <p><strong>Q: I have tried to edit an HTML file but the changes don’t show in the browser. Why?<br /> A: </strong>The browser caches your pages so it doesn’t have to read the same page twice. When you have changed a page, the browser doesn’t know that. Use the browser’s refresh/reload button to force the browser to read the edited page.</p> <p><strong>Q: What browser should I use?<br /> A: </strong>You can do all the training with all of the common browsers, like Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Netscape, or Opera. However, some of the examples in our advanced classes require the latest versions of the browsers.</p> <p><strong>Q: Does my computer have to run Windows? What about a Mac?<br /> A: </strong>You can do all your training on a non-Windows computer like a Mac. However, some of the examples in our advanced classes require a newer version of Windows, like Windows 98 or Windows 2000.</p> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Elements</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 09:02:24 +0000</p> <p>HTML documents are text files made up of HTML elements.</p> <p>HTML elements are defined using HTML tags.</p> <hr /> <h2>HTML Tags</h2> <ul> <li>HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML <strong>elements</strong></li> <li>HTML tags are surrounded by the <strong>two characters < and ></strong></li> <li>The surrounding characters are called <strong>angle brackets</strong></li> <li>HTML tags normally <strong>come in pairs</strong> like <b> and </b></li> <li>The first tag in a pair is the <strong>start tag,</strong> the second tag is the <strong>end tag</strong></li> <li>The text between the start and end tags is the <strong> element content</strong></li> <li>HTML tags are <strong>not case sensitive,</strong> <b> means the same as <B></li> </ul> <hr /> <h2>HTML Elements</h2> <p>Remember the HTML example from the previous page:</p> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><html> <head> <title>Title of page This is my first homepage. This text is bold

This is an HTML element:

This text is bold

The HTML element starts with a start tag:
The content of the HTML element is: This text is bold
The HTML element ends with an end tag:

The purpose of the tag is to define an HTML element that should be displayed as bold.

This is also an HTML element:

This is my first homepage. This text is bold

This HTML element starts with the start tag , and ends with the end tag .

The purpose of the tag is to define the HTML element that contains the body of the HTML document.

Why do We Use Lowercase Tags?

We have just said that HTML tags are not case sensitive: means the same as . When you surf the Web, you will notice that most tutorials use uppercase HTML tags in their examples. We always use lowercase tags. Why?

If you want to prepare yourself for the next generations of HTML, you should start using lowercase tags. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase tags in their HTML 4 recommendation, and XHTML (the next generation HTML) demands lowercase tags.

Tag Attributes

Tags can have attributes. Attributes can provide additional information about the HTML elements on your page.

This tag defines the body element of your HTML page: . With an added bgcolor attribute, you can tell the browser that the background color of your page should be red, like this: .

This tag defines an HTML table:
. With an added border attribute, you can tell the browser that the table should have no borders:
Attributes always come in name/value pairs like this: name=”value”.
Attributes are always added to the start tag of an HTML element.
Quote Styles, “red” or ‘red’?
Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes. Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
In some rare situations, like when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes:
name=’John “ShotGun” Nelson’

Basic HTML Tags

admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 09:01:49 +0000

The most important tags in HTML are tags that define headings, paragraphs and line breaks.

The best way to learn HTML is to work with examples. We have created a very nice HTML editor for you. With this editor, you can edit the HTML source code if you like, and click on a test button to view the result.

Headings

Headings are defined with the
to
tags.
defines the largest heading.
defines the smallest heading.

This is a heading

This is a heading

This is a heading

This is a heading

This is a heading

This is a heading

HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a heading.

Paragraphs

Paragraphs are defined with the
tag.

This is a paragraph

This is another paragraph

HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a paragraph.

Line Breaks

The
tag is used when you want to end a line, but don’t want to start a new paragraph. The
tag forces a line break wherever you place it.

This
is a para
graph with line breaks

The
tag is an empty tag. It has no closing tag.

Comments in HTML

The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the HTML source code. A comment will be ignored by the browser. You can use comments to explain your code, which can help you when you edit the source code at a later date.

Note that you need an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.

Basic Notes – Useful Tips

When you write HTML text, you can never be sure how the text is displayed in another browser. Some people have large computer displays, some have small. The text will be reformatted every time the user resizes his window. Never try to format the text in your editor by adding empty lines and spaces to the text.

HTML will truncate the spaces in your text. Any number of spaces count as one. Some extra information: In HTML a new line counts as one space.

Using empty paragraphs
to insert blank lines is a bad habit. Use the
tag instead. (But don’t use the
tag to create lists. Wait until you have learned about HTML lists.)

You might have noticed that paragraphs can be written without the closing tag
. Don’t rely on it. The next version of HTML will not allow you to skip ANY closing tags.

HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after some elements, like before and after a paragraph, and before and after a heading.

We use a horizontal rule (the
tag), to separate the sections in our tutorials.

Basic HTML Tags

Tag Description

Defines an HTML document

Defines the document’s body

to
Defines header 1 to header 6

Defines a paragraph

Inserts a single line break

Defines a horizontal rule

Defines a comment

HTML Text Formatting

admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 09:01:17 +0000

HTML defines a lot of elements for formatting output, like bold or italic text.

How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered “How do they do that?”

To find out, simply click on the VIEW option in your browsers toolbar and select SOURCE or PAGE SOURCE. This will open a window that shows you the actual HTML of the page.

Text Formatting Tags

Tag Description

Defines bold text

Defines big text

Defines emphasized text

Defines italic text

Defines small text

Defines strong text

Defines subscripted text

Defines superscripted text

Defines inserted text

Defines deleted text

Deprecated. Use ~~instead~~

Deprecated. Use ~~instead~~

Deprecated. Use styles instead

“Computer Output” Tags

Tag Description

Defines computer code text

Defines keyboard text

Defines sample computer code

Defines teletype text

Defines a variable

Defines preformatted text

Deprecated. Use
instead

</td> <td>Deprecated. Use <pre> instead</td> </tr> <tr> <td><xmp></td> <td>Deprecated. Use <pre> instead</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags</h2> <table id="table5" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th width="20%" align="left">Tag</th> <th width="80%" align="left">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr></td> <td>Defines an abbreviation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><acronym></td> <td>Defines an acronym</td> </tr> <tr> <td><address></td> <td>Defines an address element</td> </tr> <tr> <td><bdo></td> <td>Defines the text direction</td> </tr> <tr> <td><blockquote></td> <td>Defines a long quotation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><q></td> <td>Defines a short quotation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><cite></td> <td>Defines a citation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><dfn></td> <td>Defines a definition term</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Entities</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 09:00:41 +0000</p> <p>Some characters like the < character, have a special meaning in HTML, and therefore cannot be used in the text.</p> <p>To display a less than sign (<) in HTML, we have to use a character entity.</p> <hr /> <h2>Character Entities</h2> <p>Some characters have a special meaning in HTML, like the less than sign (<) that defines the start of an HTML tag. If we want the browser to actually display these characters we must insert character entities in the HTML source.</p> <p>A character entity has three parts: an ampersand (&), an entity name or a # and an entity number, and finally a semicolon (;).</p> <p>To display a less than sign in an HTML document we must write: <strong><</strong> or <strong><</strong></p> <p>The advantage of using a name instead of a number is that a name is easier to remember. The disadvantage is that not all browsers support the newest entity names, while the support for entity numbers is very good in almost all browsers.</p> <p><strong>Note</strong> that the entities are case sensitive.</p> <p>This example lets you experiment with character entities: Character Entities<span> IE only</span></p> <hr /> <h2>Non-breaking Space</h2> <p>The most common character entity in HTML is the non-breaking space.</p> <p>Normally HTML will truncate spaces in your text. If you write 10 spaces in your text HTML will remove 9 of them. To add spaces to your text, use the   character entity.</p> <hr /> <h2>The Most Common Character Entities:</h2> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th align="left">Result</th> <th align="left">Description</th> <th align="left">Entity Name</th> <th align="left">Entity Number</th> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>non-breaking space</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><</td> <td>less than</td> <td><</td> <td><</td> </tr> <tr> <td>></td> <td>greater than</td> <td>></td> <td>></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&</td> <td>ampersand</td> <td>&</td> <td>&</td> </tr> <tr> <td>“</td> <td>quotation mark</td> <td>"</td> <td>"</td> </tr> <tr> <td>‘</td> <td>apostrophe</td> <td>' (does not work in IE)</td> <td>'</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>Some Other Commonly Used Character Entities:</h2> <table id="table4" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th align="left">Result</th> <th align="left">Description</th> <th align="left">Entity Name</th> <th align="left">Entity Number</th> </tr> <tr> <td>¢</td> <td>cent</td> <td>¢</td> <td>¢</td> </tr> <tr> <td>£</td> <td>pound</td> <td>£</td> <td>£</td> </tr> <tr> <td>¥</td> <td>yen</td> <td>¥</td> <td>¥</td> </tr> <tr> <td>§</td> <td>section</td> <td>§</td> <td>§</td> </tr> <tr> <td>©</td> <td>copyright</td> <td>©</td> <td>©</td> </tr> <tr> <td>®</td> <td>registered trademark</td> <td>®</td> <td>®</td> </tr> <tr> <td>×</td> <td>multiplication</td> <td>×</td> <td>×</td> </tr> <tr> <td>÷</td> <td>division</td> <td>÷</td> <td>÷</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Links</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 09:00:07 +0000</p> <p>HTML uses a hyperlink to link to another document on the Web.</p> <hr /> <h2>The Anchor Tag and the Href Attribute</h2> <p><strong>HTML uses the <a> (anchor) tag to create a link to another document.</strong></p> <p>An anchor can point to any resource on the Web: an HTML page, an image, a sound file, a movie, etc.</p> <p>The syntax of creating an anchor:</p> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a href="url">Text to be displayed</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The <a> tag is used to create an anchor to link from, the href attribute is used to address the document to link to, and the words between the open and close of the anchor tag will be displayed as a hyperlink.</p> <p>This anchor defines a link to codedcode.com:</p> <table id="table4" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a href="http://www.codedcode.com/">Visit codedcode.com!</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The line above will look like this in a browser:</p> <hr /> <h2>The Target Attribute</h2> <p>With the target attribute, you can define <strong>where</strong> the linked document will be opened.</p> <p>The line below will open the document in a new browser window:</p> <table id="table5" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a href="http://www.codedcode.com/" target="_blank">Visit codedcode.com!</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>The Anchor Tag and the Name Attribute</h2> <p>The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. When using named anchors we can create links that can jump directly into a specific section on a page, instead of letting the user scroll around to find what he/she is looking for.</p> <p>Below is the syntax of a named anchor:</p> <table id="table6" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a name="label">Text to be displayed</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. The name of the anchor can be any text you care to use.</p> <p>The line below defines a named anchor:</p> <table id="table7" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>You should notice that a named anchor is not displayed in a special way.</p> <p>To link directly to the “tips” section, add a # sign and the name of the anchor to the end of a URL, like this:</p> <table id="table8" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a href="http://www.codedcode.com/html_links.asp#tips"> Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>A hyperlink to the Useful Tips Section from WITHIN the file “html_links.asp” will look like this:</p> <table id="table9" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a href="#tips">Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Basic Notes – Useful Tips</h2> <p>Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this: href=”http://www.codedcode.com/html”, you will generate two HTTP requests to the server, because the server will add a slash to the address and create a new request like this: href=”http://www.codedcode.com/html/”</p> <p>Named anchors are often used to create “table of contents” at the beginning of a large document. Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these anchors are put at the top of the document.</p> <p>If a browser cannot find a named anchor that has been specified, it goes to the top of the document. No error occurs.</p> <hr /> <h2>Link Tags</h2> <table id="table10" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th width="30%" align="left">Tag</th> <th align="left">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a></td> <td>Defines an anchor</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Frames</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 08:59:28 +0000</p> <p>With frames, you can display more than one Web page in the same browser window.</p> <hr /> <h2>Frames</h2> <p>With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the others.</p> <p>The disadvantages of using frames are:</p> <ul> <li>The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents</li> <li>It is difficult to print the entire page</li> </ul> <hr /> <h2>The Frameset Tag</h2> <ul> <li>The <frameset> tag defines how to divide the window into frames</li> <li>Each frameset defines a set of rows <strong>or</strong> columns</li> <li>The values of the rows/columns indicate the amount of screen area each row/column will occupy</li> </ul> <hr /> <h2>The Frame Tag</h2> <ul> <li>The <frame> tag defines what HTML document to put into each frame</li> </ul> <p>In the example below we have a frameset with two columns. The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is set to 75% of the width of the browser window. The HTML document “frame_a.htm” is put into the first column, and the HTML document “frame_b.htm” is put into the second column:</p> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><frameset cols="25%,75%"> <frame src="frame_a.htm"> <frame src="frame_b.htm"> </frameset></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Basic Notes – Useful Tips</h2> <p>If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent a user from doing this, you can add noresize=”noresize” to the <frame> tag.</p> <p>Add the <noframes> tag for browsers that do not support frames.</p> <p><strong>Important:</strong> You cannot use the <body></body> tags together with the <frameset></frameset> tags! However, if you add a <noframes> tag containing some text for browsers that do not support frames, you will have to enclose the text in <body></body> tags! See how it is done in the first example below.</p> <hr /> <h2>Frame Tags</h2> <table id="table4" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th align="left">Tag</th> <th align="left">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><frameset></td> <td>Defines a set of frames</td> </tr> <tr> <td><frame></td> <td>Defines a sub window (a frame)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><noframes></td> <td>Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Defines an inline sub window (frame)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Tables</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 08:58:57 +0000</p> <p>With HTML you can create tables.</p> <hr /> <h2>Tables</h2> <p>Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for “table data,” which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists, paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.</p> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>How it looks in a browser:</p> <table id="table4" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Tables and the Border Attribute</h2> <p>If you do not specify a border attribute the table will be displayed without any borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, you want the borders to show.</p> <p>To display a table with borders, you will have to use the border attribute:</p> <table id="table5" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><table border="1"> <tr> <td>Row 1, cell 1</td> <td>Row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> </table></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Headings in a Table</h2> <p>Headings in a table are defined with the <th> tag.</p> <table id="table6" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><table border="1"> <tr> <th>Heading</th> <th>Another Heading</th> </tr> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>How it looks in a browser:</p> <table id="table7" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Heading</th> <th>Another Heading</th> </tr> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Empty Cells in a Table</h2> <p>Table cells with no content are not displayed very well in most browsers.</p> <table id="table8" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td></td> </tr> </table></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>How it looks in a browser:</p> <table id="table9" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Note that the borders around the empty table cell are missing (NB! Mozilla Firefox displays the border).</p> <p>To avoid this, add a non-breaking space ( ) to empty data cells, to make the borders visible:</p> <table id="table10" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td> </td> </tr> </table></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>How it looks in a browser:</p> <table id="table11" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Basic Notes – Useful Tips</h2> <p>The <thead>,<tbody> and <tfoot> elements are seldom used, because of bad browser support. Expect this to change in future versions of XHTML. If you have Internet Explorer 5.0 or newer,</p> <hr /> <h2>Table Tags</h2> <table id="table12" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th align="left">Tag</th> <th align="left">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><table></td> <td>Defines a table</td> </tr> <tr> <td><th></td> <td>Defines a table header</td> </tr> <tr> <td><tr></td> <td>Defines a table row</td> </tr> <tr> <td><td></td> <td>Defines a table cell</td> </tr> <tr> <td><caption></td> <td>Defines a table caption</td> </tr> <tr> <td><colgroup></td> <td>Defines groups of table columns</td> </tr> <tr> <td><col></td> <td>Defines the attribute values for one or more columns in a table</td> </tr> <tr> <td><thead></td> <td>Defines a table head</td> </tr> <tr> <td><tbody></td> <td>Defines a table body</td> </tr> <tr> <td><tfoot></td> <td>Defines a table footer</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Lists</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 08:58:23 +0000</p> <p>HTML supports ordered, unordered and definition lists.</p> <hr /> <h2>Unordered Lists</h2> <p>An unordered list is a list of items. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).</p> <p>An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.</p> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Here is how it looks in a browser:</p> <ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul> <p>Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.</p> <hr /> <h2>Ordered Lists</h2> <p>An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked with numbers.</p> <p>An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.</p> <table id="table4" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><ol> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ol></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Here is how it looks in a browser:</p> <ol> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ol> <p>Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.</p> <hr /> <h2>Definition Lists</h2> <p>A definition list is <strong>not</strong> a list of items. This is a list of terms and explanation of the terms.</p> <p>A definition list starts with the <dl> tag. Each definition-list term starts with the <dt> tag. Each definition-list definition starts with the <dd> tag.</p> <table id="table5" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><dl> <dt>Coffee</dt> <dd>Black hot drink</dd> <dt>Milk</dt> <dd>White cold drink</dd> </dl></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Here is how it looks in a browser:</p> <dl> <dt>Coffee </dt> <dd>Black hot drink </dd> <dt>Milk </dt> <dd>White cold drink </dd> </dl> <p>Inside a definition-list definition (the <dd> tag) you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.</p> <hr /> <h2>List Tags</h2> <table id="table6" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th align="left">Tag</th> <th align="left">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><ol></td> <td>Defines an ordered list</td> </tr> <tr> <td><ul></td> <td>Defines an unordered list</td> </tr> <tr> <td><li></td> <td>Defines a list item</td> </tr> <tr> <td><dl></td> <td>Defines a definition list</td> </tr> <tr> <td><dt></td> <td>Defines a definition term</td> </tr> <tr> <td><dd></td> <td>Defines a definition description</td> </tr> <tr> <td><dir></td> <td>Deprecated. Use <ul> instead</td> </tr> <tr> <td><menu></td> <td>Deprecated. Use <ul> instead</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> </main></body></html>

Tag	Description
	Defines bold text
	Defines big text
	Defines emphasized text
	Defines italic text
	Defines small text
	Defines strong text
	Defines subscripted text
	Defines superscripted text
	Defines inserted text
	Defines deleted text
	Deprecated. Use ~~instead~~
	Deprecated. Use ~~instead~~
	Deprecated. Use styles instead

Tag	Description
	Defines computer code text
	Defines keyboard text
	Defines sample computer code
	Defines teletype text
	Defines a variable
	Defines preformatted text
	Deprecated. Use instead
</td> <td>Deprecated. Use <pre> instead</td> </tr> <tr> <td><xmp></td> <td>Deprecated. Use <pre> instead</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags</h2> <table id="table5" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th width="20%" align="left">Tag</th> <th width="80%" align="left">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr></td> <td>Defines an abbreviation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><acronym></td> <td>Defines an acronym</td> </tr> <tr> <td><address></td> <td>Defines an address element</td> </tr> <tr> <td><bdo></td> <td>Defines the text direction</td> </tr> <tr> <td><blockquote></td> <td>Defines a long quotation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><q></td> <td>Defines a short quotation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><cite></td> <td>Defines a citation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><dfn></td> <td>Defines a definition term</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Entities</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 09:00:41 +0000</p> <p>Some characters like the < character, have a special meaning in HTML, and therefore cannot be used in the text.</p> <p>To display a less than sign (<) in HTML, we have to use a character entity.</p> <hr /> <h2>Character Entities</h2> <p>Some characters have a special meaning in HTML, like the less than sign (<) that defines the start of an HTML tag. If we want the browser to actually display these characters we must insert character entities in the HTML source.</p> <p>A character entity has three parts: an ampersand (&), an entity name or a # and an entity number, and finally a semicolon (;).</p> <p>To display a less than sign in an HTML document we must write: <strong><</strong> or <strong><</strong></p> <p>The advantage of using a name instead of a number is that a name is easier to remember. The disadvantage is that not all browsers support the newest entity names, while the support for entity numbers is very good in almost all browsers.</p> <p><strong>Note</strong> that the entities are case sensitive.</p> <p>This example lets you experiment with character entities: Character Entities<span> IE only</span></p> <hr /> <h2>Non-breaking Space</h2> <p>The most common character entity in HTML is the non-breaking space.</p> <p>Normally HTML will truncate spaces in your text. If you write 10 spaces in your text HTML will remove 9 of them. To add spaces to your text, use the   character entity.</p> <hr /> <h2>The Most Common Character Entities:</h2> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th align="left">Result</th> <th align="left">Description</th> <th align="left">Entity Name</th> <th align="left">Entity Number</th> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>non-breaking space</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><</td> <td>less than</td> <td><</td> <td><</td> </tr> <tr> <td>></td> <td>greater than</td> <td>></td> <td>></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&</td> <td>ampersand</td> <td>&</td> <td>&</td> </tr> <tr> <td>“</td> <td>quotation mark</td> <td>"</td> <td>"</td> </tr> <tr> <td>‘</td> <td>apostrophe</td> <td>' (does not work in IE)</td> <td>'</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>Some Other Commonly Used Character Entities:</h2> <table id="table4" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th align="left">Result</th> <th align="left">Description</th> <th align="left">Entity Name</th> <th align="left">Entity Number</th> </tr> <tr> <td>¢</td> <td>cent</td> <td>¢</td> <td>¢</td> </tr> <tr> <td>£</td> <td>pound</td> <td>£</td> <td>£</td> </tr> <tr> <td>¥</td> <td>yen</td> <td>¥</td> <td>¥</td> </tr> <tr> <td>§</td> <td>section</td> <td>§</td> <td>§</td> </tr> <tr> <td>©</td> <td>copyright</td> <td>©</td> <td>©</td> </tr> <tr> <td>®</td> <td>registered trademark</td> <td>®</td> <td>®</td> </tr> <tr> <td>×</td> <td>multiplication</td> <td>×</td> <td>×</td> </tr> <tr> <td>÷</td> <td>division</td> <td>÷</td> <td>÷</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Links</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 09:00:07 +0000</p> <p>HTML uses a hyperlink to link to another document on the Web.</p> <hr /> <h2>The Anchor Tag and the Href Attribute</h2> <p><strong>HTML uses the <a> (anchor) tag to create a link to another document.</strong></p> <p>An anchor can point to any resource on the Web: an HTML page, an image, a sound file, a movie, etc.</p> <p>The syntax of creating an anchor:</p> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a href="url">Text to be displayed</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The <a> tag is used to create an anchor to link from, the href attribute is used to address the document to link to, and the words between the open and close of the anchor tag will be displayed as a hyperlink.</p> <p>This anchor defines a link to codedcode.com:</p> <table id="table4" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a href="http://www.codedcode.com/">Visit codedcode.com!</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The line above will look like this in a browser:</p> <hr /> <h2>The Target Attribute</h2> <p>With the target attribute, you can define <strong>where</strong> the linked document will be opened.</p> <p>The line below will open the document in a new browser window:</p> <table id="table5" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a href="http://www.codedcode.com/" target="_blank">Visit codedcode.com!</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>The Anchor Tag and the Name Attribute</h2> <p>The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. When using named anchors we can create links that can jump directly into a specific section on a page, instead of letting the user scroll around to find what he/she is looking for.</p> <p>Below is the syntax of a named anchor:</p> <table id="table6" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a name="label">Text to be displayed</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. The name of the anchor can be any text you care to use.</p> <p>The line below defines a named anchor:</p> <table id="table7" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>You should notice that a named anchor is not displayed in a special way.</p> <p>To link directly to the “tips” section, add a # sign and the name of the anchor to the end of a URL, like this:</p> <table id="table8" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a href="http://www.codedcode.com/html_links.asp#tips"> Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>A hyperlink to the Useful Tips Section from WITHIN the file “html_links.asp” will look like this:</p> <table id="table9" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><a href="#tips">Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Basic Notes – Useful Tips</h2> <p>Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this: href=”http://www.codedcode.com/html”, you will generate two HTTP requests to the server, because the server will add a slash to the address and create a new request like this: href=”http://www.codedcode.com/html/”</p> <p>Named anchors are often used to create “table of contents” at the beginning of a large document. Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these anchors are put at the top of the document.</p> <p>If a browser cannot find a named anchor that has been specified, it goes to the top of the document. No error occurs.</p> <hr /> <h2>Link Tags</h2> <table id="table10" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th width="30%" align="left">Tag</th> <th align="left">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a></td> <td>Defines an anchor</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Frames</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 08:59:28 +0000</p> <p>With frames, you can display more than one Web page in the same browser window.</p> <hr /> <h2>Frames</h2> <p>With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the others.</p> <p>The disadvantages of using frames are:</p> <ul> <li>The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents</li> <li>It is difficult to print the entire page</li> </ul> <hr /> <h2>The Frameset Tag</h2> <ul> <li>The <frameset> tag defines how to divide the window into frames</li> <li>Each frameset defines a set of rows <strong>or</strong> columns</li> <li>The values of the rows/columns indicate the amount of screen area each row/column will occupy</li> </ul> <hr /> <h2>The Frame Tag</h2> <ul> <li>The <frame> tag defines what HTML document to put into each frame</li> </ul> <p>In the example below we have a frameset with two columns. The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is set to 75% of the width of the browser window. The HTML document “frame_a.htm” is put into the first column, and the HTML document “frame_b.htm” is put into the second column:</p> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><frameset cols="25%,75%"> <frame src="frame_a.htm"> <frame src="frame_b.htm"> </frameset></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Basic Notes – Useful Tips</h2> <p>If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent a user from doing this, you can add noresize=”noresize” to the <frame> tag.</p> <p>Add the <noframes> tag for browsers that do not support frames.</p> <p><strong>Important:</strong> You cannot use the <body></body> tags together with the <frameset></frameset> tags! However, if you add a <noframes> tag containing some text for browsers that do not support frames, you will have to enclose the text in <body></body> tags! See how it is done in the first example below.</p> <hr /> <h2>Frame Tags</h2> <table id="table4" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th align="left">Tag</th> <th align="left">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><frameset></td> <td>Defines a set of frames</td> </tr> <tr> <td><frame></td> <td>Defines a sub window (a frame)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><noframes></td> <td>Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Defines an inline sub window (frame)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Tables</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 08:58:57 +0000</p> <p>With HTML you can create tables.</p> <hr /> <h2>Tables</h2> <p>Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for “table data,” which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists, paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.</p> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>How it looks in a browser:</p> <table id="table4" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Tables and the Border Attribute</h2> <p>If you do not specify a border attribute the table will be displayed without any borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, you want the borders to show.</p> <p>To display a table with borders, you will have to use the border attribute:</p> <table id="table5" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><table border="1"> <tr> <td>Row 1, cell 1</td> <td>Row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> </table></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Headings in a Table</h2> <p>Headings in a table are defined with the <th> tag.</p> <table id="table6" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><table border="1"> <tr> <th>Heading</th> <th>Another Heading</th> </tr> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>How it looks in a browser:</p> <table id="table7" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Heading</th> <th>Another Heading</th> </tr> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Empty Cells in a Table</h2> <p>Table cells with no content are not displayed very well in most browsers.</p> <table id="table8" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td></td> </tr> </table></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>How it looks in a browser:</p> <table id="table9" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Note that the borders around the empty table cell are missing (NB! Mozilla Firefox displays the border).</p> <p>To avoid this, add a non-breaking space ( ) to empty data cells, to make the borders visible:</p> <table id="table10" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td> </td> </tr> </table></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>How it looks in a browser:</p> <table id="table11" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <h2>Basic Notes – Useful Tips</h2> <p>The <thead>,<tbody> and <tfoot> elements are seldom used, because of bad browser support. Expect this to change in future versions of XHTML. If you have Internet Explorer 5.0 or newer,</p> <hr /> <h2>Table Tags</h2> <table id="table12" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th align="left">Tag</th> <th align="left">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><table></td> <td>Defines a table</td> </tr> <tr> <td><th></td> <td>Defines a table header</td> </tr> <tr> <td><tr></td> <td>Defines a table row</td> </tr> <tr> <td><td></td> <td>Defines a table cell</td> </tr> <tr> <td><caption></td> <td>Defines a table caption</td> </tr> <tr> <td><colgroup></td> <td>Defines groups of table columns</td> </tr> <tr> <td><col></td> <td>Defines the attribute values for one or more columns in a table</td> </tr> <tr> <td><thead></td> <td>Defines a table head</td> </tr> <tr> <td><tbody></td> <td>Defines a table body</td> </tr> <tr> <td><tfoot></td> <td>Defines a table footer</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> <article> <h1>HTML Lists</h1> <p>admin — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 08:58:23 +0000</p> <p>HTML supports ordered, unordered and definition lists.</p> <hr /> <h2>Unordered Lists</h2> <p>An unordered list is a list of items. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).</p> <p>An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.</p> <table id="table3" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Here is how it looks in a browser:</p> <ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul> <p>Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.</p> <hr /> <h2>Ordered Lists</h2> <p>An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked with numbers.</p> <p>An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.</p> <table id="table4" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><ol> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ol></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Here is how it looks in a browser:</p> <ol> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ol> <p>Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.</p> <hr /> <h2>Definition Lists</h2> <p>A definition list is <strong>not</strong> a list of items. This is a list of terms and explanation of the terms.</p> <p>A definition list starts with the <dl> tag. Each definition-list term starts with the <dt> tag. Each definition-list definition starts with the <dd> tag.</p> <table id="table5" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <pre><dl> <dt>Coffee</dt> <dd>Black hot drink</dd> <dt>Milk</dt> <dd>White cold drink</dd> </dl></pre> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Here is how it looks in a browser:</p> <dl> <dt>Coffee </dt> <dd>Black hot drink </dd> <dt>Milk </dt> <dd>White cold drink </dd> </dl> <p>Inside a definition-list definition (the <dd> tag) you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.</p> <hr /> <h2>List Tags</h2> <table id="table6" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th align="left">Tag</th> <th align="left">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><ol></td> <td>Defines an ordered list</td> </tr> <tr> <td><ul></td> <td>Defines an unordered list</td> </tr> <tr> <td><li></td> <td>Defines a list item</td> </tr> <tr> <td><dl></td> <td>Defines a definition list</td> </tr> <tr> <td><dt></td> <td>Defines a definition term</td> </tr> <tr> <td><dd></td> <td>Defines a definition description</td> </tr> <tr> <td><dir></td> <td>Deprecated. Use <ul> instead</td> </tr> <tr> <td><menu></td> <td>Deprecated. Use <ul> instead</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </article> </main></body></html>

DHTML ONLINE » HTML Basics

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defines the largest heading.

defines the smallest heading. This is a heading This is a heading This is a heading This is a heading This is a heading This is a heading HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a heading.

This is a heading

This is a heading

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This is a heading

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defines the smallest heading.

This is a heading

This is a heading

This is a heading

This is a heading

This is a heading

This is a heading

HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a heading.